What's Wrong With Utux-Utux?

This time I would like to show you all how to install rainlendar on Ubuntu Inteprid Ibex. First, download the software on this site. Pick the free deb formatted file.
Then double clicks the file.

• Click Install Package
• Fill the root password
• Go to Application | Office | Rainlendar2

New version of Virtual Box is available supported 3D. VirtualBox 2.1.0, released with a major update with exciting new features: among them better 64-bit support, hardware virtualization on the Mac, 3D acceleration, easier networking on Windows and Linux plus full VMDK/VHD support including snapshots.
Here's the chengelog of this version.

VirtualBox 2.1.0 (released 2008-12-17)

This version is a major update. The following major new features were added:

* Support for hardware virtualization (VT-x and AMD-V) on Mac OS X hosts
* Support for 64-bit guests on 32-bit host operating systems (experimental; see user manual, chapter 1.6, 64-bit guests, page 16)
* Added support for Intel Nehalem virtualization enhancements (EPT and VPID; see user manual, chapter 1.2, Software vs. hardware virtualization (VT-x and AMD-V), page 10))
* Experimental 3D acceleration via OpenGL (see user manual, chapter 4.8, Hardware 3D acceleration (OpenGL), page 66)
* Experimental LsiLogic and BusLogic SCSI controllers (see user manual, chapter 5.1, Hard disk controllers: IDE, SATA (AHCI), SCSI, page 70)
* Full VMDK/VHD support including snapshots (see user manual, chapter 5.2, Disk image files (VDI, VMDK, VHD), page 72)
* New NAT engine with significantly better performance, reliability and ICMP echo (ping) support (bugs #1046, #2438, #2223, #1247)
* New Host Interface Networking implementations for Windows and Linux hosts with easier setup (replaces TUN/TAP on Linux and manual bridging on Windows)

In addition, the following items were fixed and/or added:

* VMM: significant performance improvements for VT-x (real mode execution)
* VMM: support for hardware breakpoints (VT-x and AMD-V only; bug #477)
* VMM: VGA performance improvements for VT-x and AMD-V
* VMM: Solaris and OpenSolaris guest performance improvements for AMD-V (Barcelona family CPUs only)
* VMM: fixed guru meditation while running the Dr. Web virus scanner (software virtualization only; bug #1439)
* VMM: deactivate VT-x and AMD-V when the host machine goes into suspend mode; reactivate when the host machine resumes (Windows, Mac OS X & Linux hosts; bug #1660)
* VMM: fixed guest hangs when restoring VT-x or AMD-V saved states/snapshots
* VMM: fixed guru meditation when executing a one byte debug instruction (VT-x only; bug #2617)
* VMM: fixed guru meditation for PAE guests on non-PAE hosts (VT-x)
* VMM: disallow mixing of software and hardware virtualization execution in general (bug #2404)
* VMM: fixed black screen when booting OS/2 1.x (AMD-V only)
* GUI: pause running VMs when the host machine goes into suspend mode (Windows & Mac OS X hosts)
* GUI: resume previously paused VMs when the host machine resumes after suspend (Windows & Mac OS X hosts)
* GUI: save the state of running or paused VMs when the host machine’s battery reaches critical level (Windows hosts)
* GUI: properly restore the position of the selector window when running on the compiz window manager
* GUI: properly restore the VM in seamless mode (2.0 regression)
* GUI: warn user about non optimal memory settings
* GUI: structure operating system list according to family and version for improved usability
* GUI: predefined settings for QNX guests
* IDE: improved ATAPI passthrough support
* Networking: added support for up to 8 Ethernet adapters per VM
* Networking: fixed issue where a VM could lose connectivity after a reboot
* iSCSI: allow snapshot/diff creation using local VDI file
* iSCSI: improved interoperability with iSCSI targets
* Graphics: fixed handling of a guest video memory which is not a power of two (bug #2724)
* VBoxManage: fixed bug which prevented setting up the serial port for direct device access.
* VBoxManage: added support for VMDK and VHD image creation
* VBoxManage: added support for image conversion (VDI/VMDK/VHD/RAW)
* Solaris hosts: added IPv6 support between host and guest when using host interface networking
* Mac OS X hosts: added ACPI host power status reporting
* API: redesigned storage model with better generalization
* API: allow attaching a hard disk to more than one VM at a time
* API: added methods to return network configuration information of the host system
* Shared Folders: performance and stability fixes for Windows guests (Microsoft Office Applications)

OpenSuse 11.1 is finally released. Get this latest green distro http://download.opensuse-id.org/distribution/11.1/.

This list will give you an overview of the most important features. Griffith:

• Fetches film information from the Internet based on your locale via a plug-in
  • Brazilian Portuguese: E-Pipoca
  • Czech: CSFD
  • English: IMDb, DVD Empire, AnimeDB, Moviefone, Mediadis
  • French: Allocine, Cinemovies
  • German: FilmeVonA-Z.de, Kino.de, OFDb
  • Italian: Cinematografo
  • Polish: Wirtualna Polska, FDb, Tanuki-Anime, Onet, Filmweb,Stopklatka
  • Portuguese: 7arte, PTGate, Clube MyDVD
• Integrates well with a database (MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite3 used by default) to keep tabs on your library
• Can backup/restore your database
• Exports to CSV, PDF, XML and HTML files
• Imports from CSV files
• Generates PDF from cover art
• Keeps track of your films that are out on loan
• Enables you to sort/filter your library
• Has built-in multi-language support
• Has much more!

Get it now on http://griffith.cc

Sometimes we meet trouble in disk capacity. If we work within CLI, how do we know which files had the biggest size? Today, those kind of troubles won't be exist any longer. Just type the ls command with -h option.
Example, I want to check the files inside the /var directory. I just type the command below.
ls -lsah /var
I you confuse, just type man ls.

Reconstructor only change the settings an Ubuntu iso then implement into the new one. But remasterme can back system of a PC up. So It'll be usefull and easier when we want to clone the settings to many PC's.
Fuih...
Then, what should we do? Is there any remasterme in other distro (ex: Ubuntu)? I've asking over Uncle Goog but nonsense.
I've tried to change the rpm of PClinuxOS remasterme to deb over alien. The conversion and installation in Ubuntu was success, but back then I found nothing the binary of remasterme. What a silly..
And the very last time I've found an application that works just like remasterme. And thanks God it made just for Ubuntu, named remastersys. Here's the how to.
1. Edit the repository apt-get
gedit /etc/apt/source.list
2. Add the following line
deb http://www.remastersys.klikit-linux.com/repository remastersys/
3. Refresh the and install remastersys
apt-get update
apt-get install remastersys
Now you are ready using remastersys to create a remaster iso of your system or just only back your data up.

What the ... last night I got succesfully download my Inteprid iso and just a minute ago I've installed it on a PC (I'm working on it). But back then I realized there's something wrong, My Compiz isn't working. Oh I almost forgot that Ubuntu didn't automatically recognize Nvidia Driver. So I go to System -> Administration -> Hardware Drivers but only this I got.


Rush to ubuntu-id milis and found the same problem I got. Said that it's right that the old Nvidia driver doesn't compatible to new Xorg. Here's the quote of Inteprid team.

The 71 and 96 series of proprietary nVidia drivers, as provided by the nvidia-glx-legacy and nvidia-glx packages in Ubuntu 8.04 LTS, are not compatible with the X.Org included in Ubuntu 8.10. Users with the nVidia TNT, TNT2, TNT Ultra, GeForce, GeForce2, GeForce3, and GeForce4 chipsets are affected and will be transitioned on upgrade to the free nv driver instead. This driver does not support 3D acceleration.

So sayonara goodbye to Compiz in this PC. Nop!!
But don't stop until the last fight.
I finally found how to get some geek way from launchpad.

- Download NVIDIA-Linux-x86-96.43.09-pkg1.run (or the other one if
you're running a 64 bit system) to your home folder (/home/simon/ for
me)
- switch to pty1 (CTRL+ALT+F1)
- log in
- sudo service kdm stop (will kill X server) (or gdm if you are running gnome)
- sudo sh ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86-96.43.09-pkg1.run
- say yes to everything (will compile nvidia kernel module)
- sudo reboot now (reboot now !!)

And that should be enough, login and check that "glxinfo | grep
direct" says "YES"

Will you try it?? Or just kick this Video Card out of the window.

Till 7 days to go. Lets prepare for the Inteprid Release Party. Who's join?

Don't even try to add user from shell with useradd in Clarkconnect. Why? It's because the linux user database is also used for the ldap database (see previous posting of me). If you do it, even the user is registered to linux user but the user won't be able login with his ldap account. You can only add the user within webconfig. The fact is database for linux user and ldap user is different.
The problem begin here. What about adding mass of users, for me 6000, users to the ldap systems. I've thoughted we can easily solve the problem with shell script. Right? But that's actually wrong. So what we gonna do now?
After look after Clarkconnect forum, I founded it. A script to add mas of users automatically from text file. But don't worry, this time the ldap user also would be made.

First, made a text file for username named user_list.txt and put it to /tmp folder. Form for the text is:
USERNAME1:UID:PASSWORD:FIRSTNAME LASTNAME
USERNAME2:UID:PASSWORD:FIRSTNAME LASTNAME
USERNAME3:UID:PASSWORD:FIRSTNAME LASTNAME
....etc
You can easily convert your database to .csv file type and replace the commas (,) with (:).

Then make the main script named user.php. This script can you put within your home folder.
#!/usr/webconfig/bin/php -q

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Copyright 2003-2007 Point Clark Networks.
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
// modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
// as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
// of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
// Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/*****************************************************************************/
/* D E P E N D E N C I E S */
/*****************************************************************************/

require_once("/var/webconfig/api/User.class.php");
require_once("/var/webconfig/api/File.class.php");
require_once("/var/webconfig/api/UserManager.class.php");
error_reporting(0);

$file = new File("/tmp/user_list.txt");
if (!$file->Exists()) {
echo "File not found.\n";
return 1;
}

$lines = $file->GetContentsAsArray();
foreach ($lines as $line) {
$userinfo = array(
'dn' => null,
'sn' => null,
'cn' => null,
'givenName' => null,
'uid' => null,
'title' => null,
'o' => null,
'ou' => null,
'roomNumber' => null,
'street' => null,
'postOfficeBox' => null,
'postalCode' => null,
'l' => null,
'st' => null,
'c' => null,
'telephoneNumber' => null,
'facsimileTelephoneNumber' => null,
'kolabFreeBusyFuture' => 60,
'pol' => array('anyone' => 4),
'alias' => '',
'delegate' => '',
'cyrus-userquota' => '',
'kolabDeleteflag' => false,
'pcnFTPPasswordFlag' => true,
'pcnMailPasswordFlag' => true,
'pcnPPTPPasswordFlag' => true,
'pcnProxyPasswordFlag' => true,
'pcnWebconfigPasswordFlag' => true,
'pcnSambaPasswordFlag' => true,
'pcnWebPasswordFlag' => true,
);

$profile = explode(":",$line);
$user = new User($profile[0]);
if ($user->IsValidUsername($profile[0])) {
$username = strtolower($profile[0]);
$userinfo['uid'] = $username;
$userinfo['password'] = $profile[2];
$userinfo['verify'] = $profile[2];
}else{
echo "Invalid username (" . $profile[0] . ").";
return 1;
}
// protect root
if ($username == 'root') {
echo "Skipping root account...\n";
continue;
}

// protect system account
if ((int)$profile[1] < 1000) {
echo "Skipping system account (UID < 1000)...\n";
continue;
}

list($first, $last) = explode(" ", $profile[3]);

if ($user->IsValidFirstName($first)) {
$userinfo['givenName'] = $first;
} else {
echo "Invalid first name (" . $first . ").";
return 1;
}
if ($user->IsValidLastName($last)) {
$userinfo['sn'] = $last;
} else {
echo "Invalid last name (" . $last . ").";
return 1;
}

try {
$user->Add($userinfo);
$userinfo = null;
echo "User $username successfully imported!\n";
} catch (UserAlreadyExistsException $e) {
echo "User $username already exists...skipping.\n";
} catch (Exception $e) {
echo "Adding user $username failed - " . $e->GetMessage() . "\n";
echo "Bailing on user import...\n";
return 1;
}
}
return 0;
// vi: syntax=php ts=4
?>


The last one is just execute it
./user.php

Hope it helps for you all. And I also hope that the next version of Clarkconnect add function to add many users automatically just by import the file with webconfig.
^_^

Learning LDAP can be a frustrating experience. LDAP is complicated, and centralized authentication is only one of its many legitimate uses. As a result, the task of making Linux machines consult an LDAP server for authentication is a black art. Documentation tends to be spotty and confusing. But learning about LDAP authentication, despite its difficulty, is worth the time and effort. LDAP can provide a scalable and secure approach to network management.
I've failed to practise it with both of Fedora (or Centos, i've forgotten) and Suse. But Mr Sumodirjo told me to try ClarkConnect. It has been installed and set up there. So you just only do simple way to create user, configure the samba and anything else related to.
You can get it here.

Fuh.. After installing OpenSuse 11 at my computer now I had to HP LaserJet 1020 printer driver installed. First download the driver at sourceforge. It seems OK since all of HP printer tipes could be detected with this hplip diver. But now I got a new problem how to install run file I've had.
It's said that You just run it like common script. So I tried this command
./hplip-2.8.6.run
But... Why it doesn't work???
I thought a little bit and..
Upszz... I've forgotte to do this one before =P.
chmod +x hplip-2.8.6.run

Yeah..... Is there anybody out there looking for a OpenSUSE 11.0 release party? Or may be it's just only me. No prob.
Well in this newest version, Suse Desktop looks like different from before. I saw it like a web based (eyeos). But actually It's really damn cool. Just look at the picture.

To you've upgraded Gutsy to Hardy, and had error in your screen resolution. Example for me, I've got only 800 x 600 pixels although choose 1024 x 768 pixels. Here's the way out.
The new Xorg is supposed to be all nice and hotplugable, but dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg is no more. /etc/X11/xorg.conf is also now very barebones. This is for the hotplugability. The correct way to configure this new version of X is with the xfix command. Changing resolution is done on the fly with xrandr.

If you want to get FFmpeg on CentOS then go to the folder /etc/yum.repos.d, create a new text file called atrpms.repo and place inside it:

[atrpms]
name=Fedora Core $releasever - $basearch - ATrpms
baseurl=http://dl.atrpms.net/f$releasever-$basearch/atrpms/stable
gpgkey=http://ATrpms.net/RPM-GPG-KEY.atrpms
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1

Then give yum command
yum install ffmpeg

It's been a long time since my last posting. Now, I'm going to talk about ffmpeg. It's just the beginning, because I'm gonna tell you all in the next posting how to make our own Video Sharing Server with you tube clone engine, PHPmotion. Maybe any of you've heard bout that. So Let's start.

1. Create a directory to do our work in

mkdir ~/ffmpeg

cd ~/ffmpeg




2. Get all the source files

wget http://www3.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/releases/codecs/ essential-20061022.tar.bz2

wget http://rubyforge.org/frs/download.php/9225/ flvtool2_1.0.5_rc6.tgz

wget http://easynews.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/ lame/lame-3.97.tar.gz

wget http://superb-west.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/ ffmpeg-php/ffmpeg-php-0.5.0.tbz2

wget http://downloads.xiph.org/releases/ ogg/libogg-1.1.3.tar.gz

wget http://downloads.xiph.org/releases/ vorbis/libvorbis-1.1.2.tar.gz

3. Extract all the source files

bunzip2 essential-20061022.tar.bz2; tar xvf essential-20061022.tar

tar zxvf flvtool2_1.0.5_rc6.tgz

tar zxvf lame-3.97.tar.gz

bunzip2 ffmpeg-php-0.5.0.tbz2; tar xvf ffmpeg-php-0.5.0.tar

tar zxvf libogg-1.1.3.tar.gz

tar zxvf libvorbis-1.1.2.tar.gz

4. Create the codecs directory & import them

mkdir /usr/local/lib/codecs/

mv essential-20061022/* /usr/local/lib/codecs/

chmod -R 755 /usr/local/lib/codecs/

5. Install SVN/Ruby (Depends on OS, this is for RHEL/CentOS)

yum install subversion

yum install ruby

yum install ncurses-devel

6. Get the latest FFMPEG/MPlayer from the subversion

svn checkout svn://svn.mplayerhq.hu/ffmpeg/trunk ffmpeg

svn checkout svn://svn.mplayerhq.hu/mplayer/trunk mplayer

7. Compile LAME

cd ~/ffmpeg/lame-3.97

./configure

make

make install

8. Compile libOGG

cd ~/ffmpeg/libogg-1.1.3

./configure

make

make install

9. Compile libVorbis


cd ~/ffmpeg/libvorbis-1.1.2

./configure

make

make install

10. Compile flvtool2

cd ~/ffmpeg/flvtool2_1.0.5_rc6

ruby setup.rb config

ruby setup.rb setup

ruby setup.rb install

11. Compile MPlayer

cd ~/ffmpeg/mplayer

./configure

make

make install

12. Compile FFMPEG

cd ~/ffmpeg/ffmpeg

./configure --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libogg --enable-libvorbis --disable-mmx --enable-shared

echo '#define HAVE_LRINTF 1' >> config.h


make

make install

13. Finalize the codec setups

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libavformat.so.50 /usr/lib/libavformat.so.50

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libavcodec.so.51 /usr/lib/libavcodec.so.51

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libavutil.so.49 /usr/lib/libavutil.so.49

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmp3lame.so.0 /usr/lib/libmp3lame.so.0

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libavformat.so.51 /usr/lib/libavformat.so.51

14. Compile FFMPEG-PHP


cd ~/ffmpeg/ ffmpeg-php-0.5.0

phpize

./configure

make

make install

15. Install FFMPEG-PHP (make sure the php.ini path is correct.)

echo 'extension=/usr/local/lib/php/extensions/ no-debug-non-zts-20020429/ffmpeg.so' >> /usr/local/Zend/etc/php.ini

16. Restart Apache to load FFMPEG-PHP (Depends on OS, this is for RHEL/CentOS)


service httpd restart

17. Verify if it works

php -r 'phpinfo();' | grep ffmpeg

If you get a few lines such as

ffmpeg

ffmpeg support (ffmpeg-php) => enabled

ffmpeg-php version => 0.5.0


ffmpeg.allow_persistent => 0 => 0

Then everything is installed and working. FFMPEG, FFMPEG-PHP, MPlayer, MEncoder, flv2tool, LAME MP3 encoder & libOGG.

You can use command
df -h
to check how many disk space left.
 
du -h
To check how many size of file and folder.

Now, how does we know which file or folder uses the most space. Just type the command below
du -xskch * | sort -rn | head -n 10

Actually I'm not interested in that topic and prefer to this "How To Erase Your Windows in Linux" but that's the only idea I had today. Maybe any of you will ask me the same question. I'll on it later =D.

Read this before, Linux isn't a software, so you can't take easy to uninstall it. It's an independent platform like your wind0ws XP. If you want to erase it, you need to remove the linux partition itself.

Last but not least, all you need to do are:
1. Format the linux partition from windows.
2. Fix the windows MBR with cd of xp. Get to the console and type fixmbr.

That's all you need to do.
Simple.

It's sucrack, tool tool for cracking local user accounts via wordlist bruteforcing su. Get the latest series here.

You can read the how to down here.

sucrack - a su cracker README document version: 1.2.2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 About
2 Installation
3 Run It!
4 Troubleshooting & Notice


1 About
--------

sucrack is multithreaded a Linux/UNIX tool for cracking local user accounts
via wordlist bruteforcing su(1).

2 Installation
---------------

./configure
make
make install

2.1 additional compile options

If you prefer detailed and nice looking statistics to be printed, use the
`--enable-statistics' configuration flag. The downside of that feature is a
decrease of performance as the statistics have are frequently recalculated.
If you compiled sucrack without statistics, you still can print a
minimalistic statistic/progress, that is the number of bytes from the
wordlist already done and the total number of bytes.

sucrack is able to run multiple threads on su. That actually only makes
sense, when you are facing a delay for failing authentications. However,
if you are planning to use multiple threads, compile sucrack with a static
buffer wordlist (`--with-static-buffer'). This avoids an overhead of a
dynamic list management. If you are only using one thread it turned out to
be more efficient to let the dictionary thread put words into a list
(`--with-dynamic-list') and let the worker thread take one of these,
whenever it needs to.

It will make sense to link the binary staticly against the libraries. In
that case, configure sucrack with the --enable-static-linked flag. Default
is a dynamicly linked sucrack.

See INSTALL for further details.

3 Run It!
----------

3.1 Options

Before you run sucrack, take a look at the help message or the manpage:

sucrack -h
man sucrack

In order to run sucrack now, you need to specify a wordlist:

sucrack wordlist.txt

You generally will have two options for printing the progress and the
statistics (if you have compiled sucrack with the `--enable-statistics'
flag). Either by using ansi escapes codes, what makes it look nicer or
without. The -a flag indicates, whether ansi escape codes should be used or
not.

sucrack -a wordlist.txt

The interval for reprinting the statistics is set to 3 seconds by default.
You can alter that interval using the -s flag or disable the auto
reprinting functionality and print the output on any key pressed.

sucrack -s 10 -a wordlist.txt

This disables the auto reprinting functionality:

sucrack -c -a wordlist.txt

By default, failed authentications on various Linux distributions causes a
three seconds delay. sucrack is multithreaded, so that while a thread is
waiting those seconds, others can do su. It is not advisable to run sucrack
with more than one worker thread, if there is no such delay, as it slows
down the overall process.
Run sucrack with ten worker threads:

sucrack -w 10 wordlist.txt

There is another thread running, besides of the worker threads. The
dictionary thread reads the words from the wordlist and puts them into
an internal buffer. By default, that buffer is a static array.
You can set the buffer to be a dynamic list with the `--with-dynamic-list'
configuration flag. In both cases, you can alter the size of the buffer
with the -b option. By default, the buffer size is set to the number of
worker threads plus one. Consider, that it can't never be less than that.

sucrack -b 50 -w 10 wordlist.txt

In that example, the dictionary thread will always try to have 50 words
in the buffer to offer them to the 10 worker threads.

If you wan't to su to another user than root, then specify the username
with the -u flag:

sucrack -u myuser wordlist.txt

The rewriter is a helpful addon. It is rewriting the words from the word
list by certain rules and enqueues them to the word buffer. To enable
the rewriter use -r and to set up your rules -l:

sucrack -r -l AFL wordlist.txt

Here is an overview over the rules:

rule description original rewritten

A all characters to upper case myPassword MYPASSWORD
F first character to upper case myPassword MyPassword
L last character to upper case myPassword myPassworD
a all characters to lower case AnotherPASS anotherpass
f first character to lower case AnotherPASS anotherPASS
l last character to lower case AnotherPASS AnotherPASs
D prepend a digit (0..9) password 1password
d append a digit (0..9) password password1
e 1337ify the word password p455w0rd
x enable all of the above rules

All rules run at least once. The `D' and `d' rule rewrite a word ten times
and append each digit once.

3.2 Environment Variables

sucrack depends on the responses su gives on a failing authentication.
Because that can vary from version to version and distribution to
distribution you can set the expected responses in environment variables.

environment variable description

SUCRACK_SU_PATH the path to su
SUCRACK_AUTH_FAILURE the response of su, if an authentication fails
SUCRACK_AUTH_SUCCESS the response sucrack should receive, if an
authentication attemp succeeded

It is very important to set SUCRACK_AUTH_SUCCESS to any string that can't
be a response of su and does not appear in the wordlist file. Test it,
before running sucrack:

export SUCRACK_AUTH_SUCCESS=banzaii
grep $SUCRACK_AUTH_SUCCESS wordlist.txt
sucrack wordlist.txt

4. Troubleshooting & Notice

sucrack was tested on Linux, FreeBSD and NetBSD.OpenBSD is known to not be supported yet.

If you encouter any bugs, not listed in this section, please refer to nico@leidecker.info

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sucrack 1.2.2 - a su cracker
Copyright (C) 2006 Nico Leidecker; nfl@portcullis-security.com
http://www.leidecker.info

Another CopyPasted of Linux.com
If you are an avid gamer, you probably dual-boot your favorite Linux distribution with Windows, because that's where you find most new cutting-edge games. But what if you could run your Windows games on Linux? PlayOnLinux is an open source Python-scripted front end that helps you install and play tons of Windows-only games -- and then some!

At the core of PlayOnLinux is Wine, a compatibility layer that lets you run many Windows programs over Linux. But Wine isn't always easy to use. It's a command-line program, and using it for tasks like tweaking the Windows environment or individual programs remains a complex task that you can accomplish only via command-line options. This is where PlayOnLinux comes into play. PlayOnLinux provides a front end for most Wine options to help you install, manage, and uninstall Windows-based games and applications.

I installed PlayOnLinux on a Fedora 8 system that I created with the installable Fedora Live games spin. The minimal installation instructions are in the 491KB tar package. There's also a 497KB precompiled PlayOnLinux binary for Debian-based systems like Ubuntu.

Using PlayOnLinux you can install full games, expansion packs, and patches. Since PlayOnLinux uses Wine, it'll run everything that runs with Wine, which includes several productivity, office, and graphics apps as well. PlayOnLinux installs each program within its own individual environment, called a wineprefix, similar to CrossOver's bottles implementation. To uninstall a program, just select it from the list of installed applications, and from under the File menu choose the Remove option.



But PlayOnLinux is much more than a front end. The program also includes bash scripts that will create the correct environment for a particular game and guide you through its installation. In addition to the 10 official scripts, you can enable a community repository from within PlayOnLinux, which will add another 50+ scripts. From the two repositories you can install games such as Call of Duty 2, Max Payne 2, Soldier of Fortune, and World of Warcraft.

Along with the game scripts, PlayOnLinux packs another subset of scripts called WorkOnLinux that will create an installation environment for freely available Windows applications including Blender, Google SketchUp, Safari, and Winrar.

Don't despair if you can't find a script for your favorite Windows-based game or application. Using PlayOnLinux's LiveInstall script, you can install any game or app and use it with all the various PlayOnLinux tools (such as WineBooster, WineMaster, and WineConfig) as if it had been installed with an official script. Once you've installed PlayOnLinux, these tools are available from PlayOnLinux's Tools menu.

Using the tools, you can configure Wine from the Wine configuration window, where you can tweak audio, video, and other settings. You can also tweak the various Wine options to improve performance, like DirectDrawRenderer mode and VideoMemorySize, with WineBooster. You also have the option to install DirectX and Wine versions for a particular game and use WineGit to compile and install Wine from its Git repository. The tools menu also lets you install and change the Wine theme, and edit the Windows Registry Editor. Most of these changes are followed by a quick simulated Windows reboot.

PlayOnLinux can also run a battery of graphic tests, such as Glxgears, Glxmulx, and GlxTinou. This is done from under the Settings menu, from where you can also enable or disable the community repositories.

Even with all its nice options, PlayOnLinux has some drawbacks as well. The biggest is language; most of the developers are from non-English-speaking regions. While there is an option to switch the interface to English, some error messages and other bits of information haven't yet been translated. Also, many of the WorkonLinux scripts (such as the Safari script) take you to the non-English download page of the application.

Also, most of the scripts keep looping endlessly. For example, if you've just installed a game using one of the PlayOnLinux scripts, it should end when you've decided to create a desktop shortcut for the game you just installed. But, irritatingly, the script loops the icon creation section and exits only when you ask it not to create an icon. In some scripts, like the WineGit script, the Cancel button doesn't exit the process, but merely skips to the next step.

Yet PlayOnLinux, despite its minor peculiarities, is a good mechanism to manage and play Windows-based games on Linux.

Did you ever think about that? Will Windows and Linux be compatible each other? That's topic of the day =). I'm gonna tell you a couple of tools to make the dream comes true. Just sit, relax and read this carefully. And don't forget to use your seat belt. Cause we will move to next 100 years just in 50 seconds. Hahaha...

Once Windows had to life in Linux
It's a common secret there was a Windows emulator called WINE in Linux. You can simply
launched your Windows .exe extension in Linux System, even DotA with that tool. Or Cedega, Windows game emulator for Linux.

But there were another tool works not only one by one application launcher like the Wine does. It's a whole Windows System stuck on your Linux. And neither did virtualization such as vmware etc. Let me see you the preview first.



That's it! It's combine betwen Virtualizartion and Wine. And thank's to SeamlessRDP for the usefull tool.

Here are all you need :
* Seamles RDP for connecting Windows to Linux
* Rdesktop for connecting Linux to Windows
* VMware for installing Windows in Linux
* Samba for sharing files between Linux-Windows
* Compiz Fusion for 3D effect, Optional

And here is the HOW TO copy pasted from linux.com =)

To start, install Windows XP in VMware with the usual options, and make sure to set the network connection option to Network Address Translation (NAT). This simplifies the connection from the host machine. After you complete the Windows installation, log in and set a password for an account you've created that you'll call from Linux. You must allow remote connections to this Windows virtual machine, which you can do by going to Start -> Control Panel -> System (you may have to switch to the classic view). Once the system icon opens, go to the Remote tab and check "Allow users to connect remotely to this computer."

Now install VMware Tools for your Windows XP virtual machine. You must know which IP address the VMware DHCP server assigned to the virtual machine; to find it, open up a DOS console and type ipconfig.

Click to enlarge
Next, install SeamlessRDP from within your Windows virtual machine. Open Internet Explorer and download the SeamlessRDP zip file. Create a directory under C: (C:\seamless) and extract the archive's content there. Unzip the three files into the directory; you'll use seamlessrdpshell.exe later.

Now you can log off the Windows session, but don't turn off the virtual machine. Once you have Windows displaying the Welcome screen, you can close the VMware Server console, leaving the Windows XP virtual machine session is alive in the background. A simple ps -ef | grep vmware proves it's still there.

Now it's time to use rdesktop. First, try to open a simple application, such as Notepad. Start a terminal session under Linux, and run this command from your xterm:

rdesktop -A -s "c:\seamless\seamlessrdpshell.exe notepad" 192.168.217.129 -u admin -p secret

Of course, change the IP address, username, and password to match your settings. If everything is OK, you should see the Notepad application pop up on your Linux system.

The -A option enables the SeamlessRDP mode that creates an X11 window for each application you launch. This option requires you to set a shell (-s) that launches the application indicated in the rdesktop command. Notice that you're using the directory you created and the SeamlessRDP application, c:\seamless\seamlessrdpshell.exe. The argument to this command is the Windows program that you wish to run. You need the full path if the program isn't in the regular path variable.

The -u and -p switches are optional. If you don't use them, the application will launch a Windows login screen asking for credentials.

Note that when you close Notepad or any other Windows-launched application, the rdesktop connection is still on. You must log out, because until you do, rdesktop won't be able to start other applications. Since you don't have a desktop and a Start menu from which to log off, you must go to the Windows XP virtual machine and press Ctrl-Alt-Del, then log off, or restart the virtual machine.

Once you know how to launch a Windows application from rdesktop with the SeamlessRDP option, try it with explorer.exe itself. This application creates a full desktop environment so users can interact mainly through the menu bar. If you run it "as is," it will pop up the full Windows XP desktop (including the wallpaper, icons, and shortcuts on the desktop).

If that's too intrusive for you, you can hack the Windows registry to get rid of the desktop and keep only the menu bar. Once you're in Windows XP again, launch the Registry editor by going to Start -> Run and typing regedit. Search for HKEY_CURRENT_USER -> Software -> Microsoft -> Windows -> CurrentVersion -> Policies -> Explorer. Once there, right-click on the right panel and select New -> DWORD Value. Name it NoDesktop, then click on it and change the data value to 1. Close the Registry editor and restart Windows.

When you turn off your Linux system, any virtual machine that is running in the background will obviously be lost, so you must start the VMware virtual machine and close the server console every time you want to connect to Windows this way. Before running the rdesktop command, consider moving your menu bar from the bottom of the screen to the top, because the Windows bar will sit there.

Now run the rdesktop command like this:

rdesktop -A -s 'c:\seamless\seamlessrdpshell.exe c:\windows\explorer.exe' 192.168.217.129 -u admin -p secret

Voilà! After a few seconds, you should have the Windows XP menu bar at the bottom of the screen, and you should be able to launch any application you have installed. You've created the illusion that both operating systems are working on the same machine at the same time. Very cool.

------------------------------End of Copy Paste----------------------------------------

Linux Live in Windows Environtment
Now, it's time to you to feel the Linux application launched in Windows Desktop. Opposite of the above.

• KDE for Windows

First, you can use KDE designed for Windows that you can download here. It will download all of KDE's packages and install it to your windows system. All of KDE Environtment brought to your Windows Desktop. Sound Nice, Right?
Here is the preview.

• andLinux

Another way, you may attracted to andLinux. It isn't only bring the Linux Desktop, but also all of Linux Virtualization on your Windows. It brings KDE Desktop Environtment and XFCE. Unfortunately for Gnome lover. andLinux didn't support it. The other different is you can add another program later with Synaptic. Based on Ubuntu Gutsy Gibbon, you just add the Ubuntu repository to synaptic and start to install.
You can download here:
- KDE version up to 600MB =D
- XFCE version

Now, it's up to you deciding what tool suited on you.

It's an old news about MySlax Creator. You all must be known about it better than me. The latest version was launched on 05 Nov 2005. What De Hack?? =P
So I write it down just for waste my times and just in case any of you haven't know yet like me.

Let's get restarted. Slax is a Slackware based Linux Distro. Slax usually made a tiny version of Linux such as Slax Killbill that the size of iso is only 200 MB. You can install it to your flash drive. But if you wa nt something different and want to recreate or remaster your own Slax based linux distro, you can try this one.
Yes it is, MySlax Creator that you can get it here. Like Ubuntu remastering tools I've written before, you can simply add and remove Slax modules as you wish. The modules can you find here.

I'll give you the preview of MySlax Creator.


And not only those. You can use it not only for Slax but also Klax, Mutagenix, WHAX, GoblinX, etc.
May be the others I said before made the distros by this tool too. =P
Who knows......

Have you ever been ask someone you know about Virus, Malware, Spams, Trojans etc on your WIndows? Or your importing files get corrupted by the virus or something like those? Just leave your Windows and try Linux.
Why were you needed AntiVirus on Linux? Adapted from Linux.com There's no any virus on linux.

I try to explain that permissions on Linux make such tribute unnecessary. Without quibbling over the definitions of viruses and trojans, I tell them that neither can execute on your machine unless you explicitly give them permission to do so.

Permissions on Linux are universal. They cover three things you can do with files: read, write, and execute. Not only that, they come in three levels: for the root user, for the individual user who is signed in, and for the rest of the world. Typically, software that can impact the system as a whole requires root privileges to run.

Microsoft designed Windows to enable outsiders to execute software on your system. The company justifies that design by saying it enriches the user experience if a Web site can do "cool" things on your desktop. It should be clear by now that the only people being enriched by that design decision are those who make a buck providing additional security or repairing the damage to systems caused by it.

Malware in Windows Land is usually spread by email clients, browser bits, or IM clients, which graciously accept the poisoned fruit from others, then neatly deposit it on their masters' systems, where malware authors know it will likely be executed and do their bidding -- without ever asking permission.

Some malware programs require that you open an attachment. Others don't even require that user error. By hook or by crook, malware on Windows often gets executed, infecting the local system first, then spreading itself to others. What a terrible neighborhood. I'm glad I don't live there.

On Linux, there is built-in protection against such craft. Newly deposited files from your email client or Web browser are not given execute privileges. Cleverly renaming executable files as something else doesn't matter, because Linux and its applications don't depend on file extensions to identify the properties of a file, so they won't mistakenly execute malware as they interact with it.

Whether newcomers grok permissions or not, I try to explain the bottom line to them: that because they have chosen Linux, they are now free of having to pay either a security tax up front to protect themselves from malware, or one after the fact to have their systems sterilized after having been infected.

But if you still worry and want to protect your virus you can get this software below installed.

• AVG for Linux
  
• MCaffee

In Windows, we can go to task manager and kill unresponding proccess. How did we do in linux? Is there a task manager? Let's find the answer here.

find PID
First time to know is Proccess ID, that is number given to running proccess. Give this command to your shell something like this.
# ps -aux | grep opera

You'll get result like this

Warning: bad ps syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See http://procps.sf.net/faq.html
502 3815 2.1 37.9 168372 94132 ? S 12:36 5:50 /usr/lib/opera/9.24/opera -style klearlook
502 3828 0.0 0.2 2656 592 ? S 12:36 0:00 /usr/lib/opera/plugins/operaplugincleaner 3815
502 4227 6.2 7.2 50476 18060 ? SNl 16:58 0:14 /usr/lib/opera/plugins/operapluginwrapper 19 23 /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/libflashplayer.so
root 4237 0.0 0.3 2952 792 pts/2 S+ 17:01 0:00 grep --color opera


The PID is in italic. And to kill the process is just give the command below:
# kill -9 4237

The option -9 is special kill the proccess.

A lot of services that is running on startup makes the system little bit longer to up. You should check properly what services you want start at startup and what services you don't.
Is it hard to you?
If yes you can try ntsysv. It can get launched both in Text Mode and GUI mode. Let's get our system booting faster.

acpid
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface.

anacron
Anacron is a periodic command scheduler. It executes commands at intervals specified in days. Unlike cron, it does not assume that the system is running continuously.

apmd
The apmd package is a set of user to control the Advanced Power Management system.

autofs
Auto-autofs detects Disks, Partitions, CD-ROMs, Floppies etc. and sets up an automount configuration. It makes easier to connect to our hard drive.

crond
Service to execute scheduled commands.

cups
The Common UNIX Printing System ("CUPS") is printing solution for all UNIX environments.

echo
Service for testing, everything you send to port 7 (echo) would be sent back to you.

httpd
The apache web server.

lighttpd
Lighttpd web server.

iptables
Linux based firewall. Development of ipchains.

irda
Infrared Data Association.

isdn
Integrated Services Digital Network.

kudzu
Detects and configures new and/or changed hardware on a system.

lisa
Daemon which is intended to run on end user systems.

mysqld
MySQL database server.

named
Bind DNS server.

netfs
Network Filesystem Mounter. Needed for mounting NFS, SMB and NCP shares on boot.

network
Activates all network interfaces at boot time.

nfs
Linux file sharing.

ntpd
Sets and maintains the system time of day in synchronism with Internet standard time servers.

pcmcia
PCMCIA cards identifiers.

portmap
A dynamic port assignment daemon for RPC services such as NIS and NFS.

postgresql
PostgreSQL database server.

random
Initialize kernel random number generator

rsync
Provides a very fast method for bringing remote files into sync.

sendmail
Mail server, allows to send emails using this machine as mail server.

services
An internal xinetd services, listing active services.

smartd
Self Monitor Analysis and Reporting Technology System.

smb
Samba, allows to share and access MS windows network.

snmpd
Simple Network Management protocol.

squid
Internet proxy and web cache.

sshd
Secure Shell daemon, allows secure and remote logging to this machine.

syslog
Logs all system activities.

tux
The TUX Web Server is an HTTP daemon for Linux .

vncserver
VNC stands for Virtual Network Computing.

vsftpd
Secure FTP daemon.

winbind
Winbind is an nss switch module to map Windows NT Domain databases to Unix.

xfs
The X font server (xfs) provides a standard mechanism for an X server to communicate with a font renderer, frequently running on a remote machine. It usually runs on TCP port 7100.

xinetd
The internet services daemon.

Daemon or services is a program that loads and remain resident in memory after your computer turned on.

Finally, like Ubuntu, PClinuxOS launch their Moslem Edition. Based on PClinuxOS minime 2008, an Indonesian remastered it. Well, the wallpaper picked from Ubuntu ME and even the theme is all in green, but it's awesome. It's said he made it alone.
Application he add to is:

• Time Prayer
• vit (Automatic VGA driver Installer)
• Murattal
• Hadist (in Indonesia)
  

Well, it's purposed to Indonesian. But if you want to know or want to try it, you can download it from here.

Someone still use Dual Boot Linux and Windows maybe accidentally remove Linux Boot Loader (GRUB) or repair the MBR with XP Cd. How to repair it?
1. Just prepare a System Rescue CD
2. Go to terminal and get in to grub with command
grub
3. After you'r in, get information from your disk
grub> find /boot/grub/stage1
You'll get result about partition contains stage1 file.
4. Select one you want to reinstall grub into and then type this
example my grub in hda4 (maybe the result named hd0,4)
grub> root (hd0,4)
then
grub> setup (hd0,4)
if it's over, then quit
grub> quit

Finish!

I have writen bout DeepFreeze for Linux before. But here, this script more compleks with Graphical Interface. Then, Let's Freeze your Linux.

Make a bash script named deepfreeze with this content first.

#!/bin/bash
# Deepfreeze a la Linux
# Backup before use, Use At Your Own Risk
# Copyleft 2007 by A. Hardiena
# Translated by fortmunir

Xdialog --title "Deepfreeze ala Linux" \
--menubox " Welcome to Deepfreeze ala Linux." 17 65 3 \
"Install" "Install Deepfreeze" \
"Remove" "Remove Deepfreeze"
"Abort" "Abort Installer" 2>/tmp/checklist.tmp.$$

choice=`cat /tmp/checklist.tmp.$$
rm -f /tmp/checklist.tmp.$$

case $choice in
"Install"

ask=`mktemp -q /tmp/menu.XXXXXX`
header="Deepfreeze ala Linux"
size="9 60"
content="Home folder you want to protect."
Xdialog --title "$header" --inputbox "$content" $size 2> $ask
if [ ! $?= 0 ]; then exit 0
fi

directory=`cat $ask`
check=`cat /etc//rc.d/rc.local | grep `# Deepfreeze System'`
temporary=" Deepfreeze System"

if [ "$check" == "$temporary" ]; then
sed -i "/# Deepfreeze/d" /etc/rc.d/rc.local
rm /home/$directory.tar.gz
fi
# Processing Deepfreeze and put to /etc/rc.d/rc.local
cd /home/
rm $directory.tar.gz
tar -cf $directory.tar $directory
gzip --best $directory.tar
cat << EOF >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local
# Deepfreeze System
cd /home/ # Deepfreeze do not manual editing this line
rm -f /home/$directory # Deepfreeze do not manual editing this line
# Deepfreeze has ended here
EOF
# Check if autorecovery has errorr
if [ $? = 0 ]; then
content="Deepfreeze home $directory success."
else
content="Deepfreeze home $directory failed."
fi

Xdialog --title "Header" --magbox "$content" $size
;;
Remove)
ask=`mktemp -q /tmp/menu.XXXXXX`
header="Deepfreeze ala Linux"
size="9 60"
content="Home folder you want to protect."
Xdialog --title "$header" --inputbox "$content" $size 2> $ask

if [ ! $? = 0 ]; then
exit 0
fi

directory=`cat $ask`


If your distro doesn't use rc.d but init.d, You should change position of rc.local from /etc/rc.d/ to the right directory.

The last step is change the mode
chmod +x deepfreeze

Just double cliks it to activate. Or type in your console sh deepfreeze.

Are you newbie in Linux? Or, Are you getting problem to choose Linux Distro(s) you want installed on your PC?
The answer is here. Just surf to this site and get your right distro.
Have a nice experience with Linux.

Ubuntu is one of biggest Linux Distros. Its Gnome Desktop looks simple but elegance. And It's one of my favorite too. What about you?
Ok, let's back to the topic. I want show you a tool to tweak your Ubuntu. Named Ubuntu Tweak and you can get it here. This tools is so helpful to customize your desktop environment and your startup setting. It's easy to use even for newbies.

The day before I've written how to make your own PClinuxOS. This time let's try to remaster Ubuntu Linux. We need to install reconstructor 2.7 first. Since it is distributed in source code (tgz). You need to read this before if you don't know how yo install it.

It uses the Desktop(Live), Alternate(Install), or Server disc as a base, and then allows for user customization.
For the Ubuntu Desktop base, you can customize the entire environment. For instance, you can add/remove software, change the default look (splash, themes, fonts, wallpaper, etc.), add desktop links, etc.
For the Alternate and Server bases, you can add any additional software to the disc that you would like installed.

This program doesn't work like mklivecd in pclos. Even finally it just make live iso from your Ubuntu system. It is different. You don't need to change all of your settings in the beginning. Changes was done within the process it self.



Go to this site to read more.

Root is an administrator user in linux. It has unlimited power to configure the system. But, what you gonna do if you forget the password?
There are several ways to recover your root's password. The easiest way is using livecd. All you need is only livecd/dvd from any linux distros like PClinuxOS, Ubuntu, Mandriva Live, OpenSUSE live and etc.

And here the steps are:

1. Boot your linux livecd
2. Mount your old existing linux partition
ex: mount /dev/hdb1 /mnt/old-system
/dev/hdb1 is root (/) partition of your old linux system
/mnt/old-system refers to your directory in livecd
3. Edit the /etc/shadow file on your root partition
vi /mnt/old-system/etc/shadow
4. remove the encrypted passwords in the root's line
result from the step 3

root:452342342342342342342342342342423
bin:*:13612:0:99999:7:::
daemon:*:13612:0:99999:7:::
..............

Remove the red one.

root:
bin:*:13612:0:99999:7:::
daemon:*:13612:0:99999:7:::
..............

5. Reboot your old system. Now the root's password is empty.

If you are a network and internet adminisrator you might be familiar with squid as an internet proxy. But, it's difficult to maintain squid's process in command line. To help your task, you can use light squid which can be downloaded here.
It's web based application. And it's using perl programming language. You should have these program below installed in your server first:

1. Perl
2. http server (Apache, lighthttpd, etc)
3. Squid
4. Cron

Ffor the next steps you can read here.

/
The Linux filesystem has the root directory at the top of the directory tree. The following list of directories are subdirectories of the root directory. This directory is denoted by the / (pronounced "slash") symbol. To view the list of directories from the root directory, enter the following in the command line:

/bin
Contains executable programs such as ls and cp. These programs are designed to make the system usable. Programs within /bin are required for system repairing.

/boot
Stored in this directory are files that are required for the Linux boot process. Such files include vmlinuz, the Linux kernel file.

/dev
Contains device files required for interfacing with hardware. Devices in UNIX are either block or character devices. Examples of character devices are your keyboard, mouse and serial port. Block devices can include the floppy drive, CD-ROM drive and hard disk.

/etc
Contains configuration files which are local to the machine. Programs store configuration files in this directory and these files are referenced when programs are run.

/home
Contains user account directories. Each user created by the system administrator will have a subdirectory under /home with the name of the account. This is the default behaviour of Linux systems. E.g. User account for Anna is created, her home directory will be located in /home/anna. All her personal files will reside in this directory. All participants in this class are using the home directories of their respective user accounts. At Computerbank, /home is served via the network, enabling users to access their home directory from any networked machine.

/lib
Contains shared object library files that are necessary to boot the system as well as containing files required by various programs such as rm and ls. This directory also contains modules (located in /lib/modules) which can be loaded into the kernel.

/mnt
Used for mounting temporary filesystems. When mounting a CD-ROM for instance, the standard mount point location is /mnt/cdrom. On the Debian GNU/Linux systems at Computerbank, the mount point has been changed to /cdrom.

/lost+found
When the filesystem cannot properly identify files, the respective files are placed in this directory. If data appears to have been lost mysteriously, it is a good idea to check in this direetory (or ask your system administrator to check for you).

/opt
Used for storing random data that has no other logical destination.

/proc
Provides information about running processes and the kernel. A directory is provided for each running process. Useful system information such as the amount of Random Access Memory (RAM) available on the system as well as Central Processing Unit (CPU) speed in Megahertz (MHz) can be found within the /proc directory.

/root
This is the home directory for the super user (root). This directory is not viewable from user accounts. The /root directory usually contains system administration files.

/sbin
Similar to /bin, this directory contains executable programs needed to boot the system, however the programs within /sbin are executed by the root user.

/tmp
This directory is used for temporary storage space. Files within this directory are often cleaned out either at boot time or by a regular job process. The Debian GNU/Linux operating system cleans up the /tmp directory at boot time. An example for using the /tmp directory in Computerbank would be when downloading the OpenOffice deb packages. By downloading these packages into the /tmp directory, the user can be assured the packages will be wiped off the system next time the machine reboots.

/usr
Used to store applications. When installing an application on a Debian GNU/Linux machine, the typical path to install would be /usr/local. You will notice the directory structure within /usr appears similar to the root directory structure.

/var
This directory contains files of variable file storage. Files in /var are dynamic and are constantly being written to or changed.

It's get annoying when we had to reboot our computer first to take some files in Linux. But this case was resolved with EXT2-FS. You can mount your ext2 or ext3 to Windows drive. So you can read or write the system easily.

Since yesterday my flash disk error. My Windows can't detect it properly. So I couldn't format it. Then I plug it into my PClos, even the flash can't be detected too at least I still can format it.
Don't worry, in Linux we can format with fat32 file system. So it still can be read in Windows. Here is the command to format using fat32:
mkfs.vfat /dev/sda1

Finally I am thinking about this,
Why Windows could't do that??
Or Was Linux "too" good, than ...??
:P

Ohh my gondes... That's my favorite distro ever. If you want to Install PClinuxOS for many clients then you had two choice.
1. Clone it with clonezilla.
2. Make live CD from it.

This time I would like to tell you the number two. Make live CD of your linux system. Then install it to the another one.
The steps is:
1. Make your system the best linux desktop.
2. Make sure your disk capacity enough to put the iso.
3. You had to install only the usefull program (live CD) sinced the capacity limited 750 MB.
4. If you wish to install lot of program, you need a DVD (live DVD).

5. Open your konsole, login as root and type this command
remasterme ;or
mklivecd remaster.iso



The iso will be put in /root directory. Then burn it with k3b.
Have a nice your own distro =)

There's many effect related to disk capacity, so you need to know about it. Problem that usually occur is:
1. /home full, user except root can't login.
2. /var full, your program can't runs and there wouldn't be logs.

Just type this command
df -h
And waste your unusefull files.

The easiest way to look for file(s) in Linux we can use command locate. Just simply type locate (file you want to)
example:
locate http

You can combine with grep, so you can find files more specific.
locate http | grep etc

It will find all of files named http in directory etc.

For using locate, you need to make index firts with command updatedb. The complete command will be.
updatedb
locate http | grep etc

Run Level is a mode of operation in one of the computer. There's six type or mode of operation in Linux. The configuration system allows you to choose one of them at once.

The Options
0 - Halt
1 - Single user
2 - Not used/User definable
3 - Full multi-user, console logins only
4 - Not used/User definable
5 - Full multi-user, with display manager as well as console logins
6 - Reboot

The command
init(space)(number of the options above)
Example, I want to change from GUI to text mode. So I should type on the console/terminal:
init 3

You had to be root to do this command.
This way absolutely usefull to fix Linux configuration system, like my post before.

For all of beginner in linux, the first command you had to know were:

• info
  

Just type
info
Then see the result to know every command in linux.

• man
  

Type man space command
ex: man man
the result show you everything about the command.

• --help

Type --help after every command.

To Install a RPM packet type this in your console
rpm -ivh packet.rpm

If there was an error message, the packet needs dependency(s). So, you had to install the dependency(s) first then try to install the packet again.

Did you usually do something Like download Linux Iso(s) in the middle of the night? (cheap internet traffic reason)Or you have to do something in the future but in the same time you must meet your boss?
The best solution is using crontab.

Command

Just type these command below to use crontab:

crontab -e # Edit your crontab file, or create one if it doesn't already exist.
crontab -l # Display your crontab file.
crontab -r # Remove your crontab file.
crontab -v # Display the last time you edited your crontab file.

File Syntax

* * * * * command to be executed
- - - - -
| | | | |
| | | | +----- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0)
| | | +------- month (1 - 12)
| | +--------- day of month (1 - 31)
| +----------- hour (0 - 23)
+------------- min (0 - 59)

Example

A line in crontab file like below removes the temporary files from /home/myuser/tmp each day at 7:00 AM.

* 17 * * * rm /home/myuser/tmp/*

The number one Linux Distro in distrowatch.com, PCLinuxOS finally released the newest "MiniMe" after idle several months. You can download this iso here. It's just 300 Mb and based on KDE Desktop. It contains Linux kernel 2.6.22.15, KDE 3.5.8, X.Org 7.2, the PCLinuxOS Control Centre and the Draklive-Install Enhanced system installer.

Just type the command below on your beloved shell. And see the result.

ps -aux | sort +4n

This distro was created by google inc. All of google service is brought to you in the Desktop Apps. Such as Gmail, Google News, Google Docs, Blogger, etc. More than that, it has office and multimedia apllication too. So, what do you think?
Just Think gOS!

Wanna mount a windows directory to? Just try this command.

smbmount //windowsserver/directory /mount-point -o username=windowsusername,password=windowspassword

Have a problem with Windows? Like virus, trojan, worm, spam, etc? Just install your linux into external hard drive or put its in your USB Flash. Don't forget to install antivirus like AVG and ClamAV. Distros such as PClinuxOS, Ubuntu, OpenSuse and Mandriva have had those Anti Virus in their repositories. Then boot the linux and scan the Windows partition.

If we have to manage a group of computes, we sometime need to do a simple task in all computes. How do you do that? Log in to each computer and type the command? It’s very tiring and boring isn’t it? I have a tips that can make your life easier :)

This is the summary:
Create password-less root account in the cluster. No.. not that kind of password-less account. I’ll tell you later.
Make a simple script that will send a command to all computers.
Create a password-less root account
We will use a public/private key authentication scheme to login in a computer. To do this, we have to create a key pair and the private key should not be passworded. Why? If we create a password, we will have to type it again..

The command will create a key pair. Just press enter key several times until you found the command prompt again. You private and public key will be stored in your directory. contains your private key and is your public key.

Copy your public key to authorized_users file in the same directory. So the sshd will look that file for the authentication process.


Copy that 3 files into all computers in your cluster. Yes.. at this time, you have to type your password. But don’t worry, you will not do this anymore.
After that, you can test the password-less authentication by logging in to your another computer.


Create a simple script to send a command to all computers
The script is very simple. Just a looping script that will iterate your computer addresses and give it to the ssh command.
Ssh can be used to run a command in a remote computer.


If we enter that command, we will make an ssh connection to some.address and run the hostname command in that machine. The standard input will be forwarded to remote machine and standard output/error will be forwarded to our local machine.
To send a command to a group of computers, we can use the following script.


The halt command will be sent to three computers (192.168.1.2, 192.168.1.3, and 192.168.1.4). So we can turn off more than one computers at a time.
If there is a pattern in your machine’s address, you can use the simpler variable.



Tired of typing numbers? You can use seq command.



All those three commands will do the same!

Here is one more example.

So anoyying that your computer setting immediately changed, especially in public area such as a computer cafe etc. In windows we are all familiar with deepfreeze to anticipate this case. But in Linux? Let's make it by ourself. It's just a simple bash script to make your computer setting's get frozen.
We must copy entire of /home/userfolder to /var/userfolde.backup. In this case my username is internet. So I've copied /home/internet to /var/internet.backup.
Then, save this script below in file /root/freeze.sh.

The next step is put this to /etc/rc.local

Finish!!

TGZ is commonly used in linux. It's using tar to archive the files then compress by gzip. It's usually a source code of a program. If you having problem how to install program with this extension, read this carefully. I give an example to install program xxx.tgz

First, extract the file with this command.

Then, move to the xxx folder

There's usually an INSTALL file. Just go read it.
If theres's no specified How To, we can move to the next step.

Compile the program with command below.

If there's nothing failed, then just go install it.

The installation is completed.

If the compiling process get stopped, usually it needs a dependency.